汕头市潮阳区麻疹流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis for measles in Chaoyang district of Shantou

目的掌握汕头市潮阳区麻疹发病和流行趋势，探讨控制对策。方法对汕头市潮阳区2005—2008年麻疹监测系统报告资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果4年全区共报告麻疹369例，年平均报告发病率为5．81／10万；病例主要集中在4—7月，占总病例数的71．54％；全区各镇各街道均有麻疹病例报告；病例主要集中在8月龄～11岁儿童，占总病例数的82．66％，其中1～2岁、3～5岁组儿童病例数最多，分别占总数的33．06％和22．22％，〈8月龄婴儿和〉17岁儿童病例构成逐年上升，男女性别比为1．77：1；65．5％病例无免疫史，29．24％病例免疫史不详。结论汕头市潮阳区麻疹仍存在高发病率现象，为降低麻疹发病率，减少麻疹爆发，应进一步提高麻疹疫苗初始接种率，并尽快在全区范围内对8月龄～11岁儿童中开展初始强化免疫。

Objective To study the epidemiology of measles in Chaoyang district of Shantou and discuss the control strategies. Methods The data of measles reported in the measles surveillance system in Chaoyang district of Shantou in 2005-2008 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 369 meales cases were reported in the last four years, accounting for an average annual incidence rate of 5.81/10 000. Those cases distributed in all regions of Chaoyang district. The incidence peak appeared during April to July which accounted for 71.54% of the total number. The male-to-female ratio was 1.77 ： 1. The cases mainly concentrated in the age from 8 months to 11 years old （82.66%）, in which the 1-2 years age group was 33.06% and the 3-5 years age group was 22.22%. In recent years, the proportion continuously increased in the age group under 8 months and older than 11 years. 65.5 % of the confirmed cases had no measles immunization and 29.24% had uncertain immunization. Conclusions The incidence rate of measles is still high in Chaoyang district. In order to decrease the incidence of measles, it is essential to improve initial measles vaccine inoculation rate and strengthen the basic vaccination in the children from 8 months to 11 years age.