摘要
Genetic variability and divergence among natural populations of Jaculus jaculus and J. orientalis in Tunisia were examined by electrophoretic analysis of 16 enzymatic proteins encoded by 23 genetic loci. Low levels of genetic variability were found among populations of both species in comparison to those of other rodent and mammal species of which data are available. In J. jaculus populations, the mean level of observed heterozygosity （Hobs） ranged from 0.08 to 0.19, while the mean percentage of polymorphic loci （P） ranged from 26.2% to 45.2% and the mean number of alleles per locus （A） ranged from 1.1 to 1.4. Nevertheless, the mean values were 0.10 to 0.15, 29.3% to 44.1% and 1.1 to 1.7, respectively, for J. orientalis. In addition, populations of the two species have revealed a lower degree of genetic differentiation （Fst=0.0017 for J. jaculus and 0.0019 for J. orientalis）. Moreover, Fst was 0.607, P〈0.05 between populations of the two species, indicating that they were highly genetically diverged from each other. The present data assures the previous results on the validity of the present taxonomic situation of the two species and emphasis on the effect of geographic factors （environments type and bioclimatic stages） on the genetic structure of both species.
运用16种酶蛋白编码的23个遗传座位对突尼斯非洲跳鼠(Jaculus jaculus)和埃及跳鼠(J.orientalis)自然群体的遗传变异和分化进行了电泳分析。结果表明,与其他啮齿动物等哺乳动物的相关数据比较,发现这两个种群体的遗传变异水平较低。非洲跳鼠群体的观测杂合度(Hobs)为0.08—0.19,多态座位百分比(P)为26.2%—45.2%,每个座位的平均等位基因数(A)为1.1—1.4;埃及跳鼠的Hobs为0.10—0.15,P为29.3%—44.1%,A为1.1—1.7。两个种群体各自的遗传分化程度较低(非洲跳鼠和埃及跳鼠的Fst分别为0.0017和0.0019)。而两个种群体间的Fst为0.607(P<0.05),表明两个种之间高度的遗传分化。本研究支持这两个种分类地位的合法性,并强调了地理因素(环境类型和生物气候阶段)对两个种遗传结构的影响。
