2005/2006年度莱州湾东部的海冰灾害及其影响

RESEARCH ON THE SEA ICE DISASTER OF EASTERN LAIZHOU BAY IN 2005/2006 AND ITS INFLUENCES

莱州湾是水深较浅的半封闭海湾,与外海海水的交换缓慢,受黄河等十几条入海河流汇入的淡水影响使海水的盐度较低。受寒潮影响莱州湾内海冰灾害发生频繁。莱州湾的海冰灾害分5个冰情等级。在冬季气温偏高的年份,莱州湾内形成Ⅰ、Ⅱ级海冰,沿岸一般没有固定冰形成;一般年份形成Ⅲ级海冰,西岸和南岸冰情较严重,有固定冰形成;在冬季气温偏低的年份,形成Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级海冰,南岸、西岸的固定冰宽度较大,有时整个莱州湾海面都分布流冰。2005年末～2006年初在莱州湾东岸形成了一次较严重的海冰灾害,莱州市近海海湾扇贝养殖的经济损失达400万元以上。为减轻未来海冰灾害带来的损失提出了加强海冰灾害的监测和预报技术研究,严格管理近海养殖生产作业,莱州湾沿岸地方政府应制定《海冰灾害应急预案》,建设和完善海冰灾害应急防御体系等防御海冰灾害的对策。

Laizhou Bay is a half--closed shallow bay, the sea water exchange between Laizhou Bay and the open sea is slow and the salinity of sea water in Laizhou Bay is low because of the runoff of more than 10 rivers including the Yellow River. The sea ice disasters influenced by the cold waves happen frequently in the Laizhou Bay. The sea ice disasters are divided into five grades. There is sea ice of grade I or Ⅱ in warm winters and no fast ice along the coast of Laizhou Bay. There is sea ice of grade Ⅲ in normal winters and fast ice along the western and southern coast of Laizhou Bay. There is sea ice of grade IV or V in cold winters and comparatively broad fast ice along the western and southern coast of Laizhou Bay, sometimes the whole Laizhou Bay is covered by fast ice and drift ice. The sea ice disaster happening in 2005/2006 was the most serious sea ice disaster in Laizhou Bay since 1980, the economic loss of near sea fishery of Laizhou City caused by the sea ice disaster was more than 400 10^4 RMB. For reducing the economic loss caused by the sea ice disasters in the future, the countermeasures to the sea ice disasters are put forward in the paper, such as strengthening the research of monitoring and forecasting of sea ice disasters, managing strictly the fishery of near sea, establishing emergent recovery projects of sea ice disasters, constructing emergent recovery systems of sea ice and perfecting the systems continually.