上海市汽车加油站职业病危害现况调查及防治对策

Survey on Occupational Hazards at Gas Stations in Shanghai and Proposal of Preventive Measures

目的通过对本市部分区汽车加油站企业职业病危害现状的抽样调查,分析现阶段加油站行业职业卫生工作存在的问题,为职业卫生监管部门制定管理对策提供依据。方法制定加油站职业病危害现状调查表与检测方案,对5个区采用单纯随机抽样抽取50家汽车加油站,每个区县10家,采用问卷方式开展职业卫生管理工作调查,并对每个加油站的环境、作业岗位及油品原料的汽油和苯含量进行采样检测。结果当前汽车加油站开展的职业卫生工作与《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》的要求还存在相当大的差距,职业病危害检测结果个体采样苯浓度超标率5%,油品采样苯含量检出率高达69.7%,且存在超标样品。结论应按照《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》将汽车加油站纳入本市职业病防治监管的范畴,亟需制定"上海市汽车加油站职业卫生操作管理规程"。

Objective To understand the occupational hazards at gas stations and analyze the deficiency of occupational health work in these gas station and finally provide evidence base for occupational health supervision authority to establish management system on occupational health in the gas stations. Methods 50 gas stations in 5 districts were selected randomly. The gasoline or benzene concentration at workplaces and the contents of benzene in the gasoline were measured with grab sampling and the occupational health work taken at the each gas station was asked with questionnaire. Results The occupational health work carried out at the gas station does not meet the requirement of the Law on Prevention of Occupational Disease of the People＇s Republic of China. 5% of samples had a higher benzene concentration than exposure limits. 69.7% of gasoline samples can be detected benzene and some had very high concentration than regulated concentration. Conclusion The gas station shall be supervised by governmental agency in accordance with the Law on Prevention of Occupational Disease of the People＇s Republic of China. The occupational health management for gas station should be established.