塑料增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸酯)对珠三角城市群典型中小城市土壤的污染研究

Study on Plasticizer(Phthalic Acid Esters, PAEs)Pollution in Soils from Typical Cities in Pearl River Delta

选择了经济相对发达的珠江三角洲城市群中的典型中小城市的菜地和果园土壤进行调查取样,对16种PAEs(邻苯二甲酸酯)化合物进行了检测,以研究其分布特征,并初步探讨了本区域的PAEs的污染控制问题。结果表明,在珠三角城市中,东莞土壤的PAEs含量最高,各地土壤中的PAEs平均含量依次为东莞>深圳(珠海)>中山(惠州);从珠三角城市菜地和果园的平均PAEs分布来看,东莞和深圳的菜地PAEs明显高于果园;珠海、中山和惠州菜地的平均PAEs与果园基本持平。16种PAEs类化合物在珠江三角洲不同城市的分布各异,东莞市果园和菜地土壤中有11种PAEs含量是采样的5个城市中最高的,表明东莞市土壤受到PAEs污染相对严重,并且值得关注的是东莞土壤中的HEP含量要远远高于其他PAEs化合物。虽然与国内外其他城市土壤相比,所取样调查的珠江三角洲城市土壤中的PAEs含量相对不高,但与美国土壤PAEs控制标准相比,珠三角城市果园和菜地土壤的PAEs主要表现为DEP和DnBP超标,这两类PAEs化合物应该成为重点的污染控制对象。

Phthalic acid esters（ PAEs ） are the main plasticizers that are widely used in many industries. PAEs are toxic to animals and human and they can accumulate in the soils. Therefore, PAEs will enter the environment and result in the soil pollution. Soils from typical cities in Pearl River Delta（ PRD ）, one of the fastest economy growth regions of China, were investigated. Sixteen PAEs concentrations of surface soil（0- 20 cm） samples from soils of typical cities in this region were determined by gas chromatography. The results showed that the averaged concentration of PAEs in the soils had the highest value in Dongguan city with the order of Dongguan〉Shenzhen and Zhuhai〉Zhongshan and Huizhou. In Dongguan and Shenzhen, in vegetable and orchard soil of Dongguan, eleven of the 16 PAEs had highest concentrations in the vegetable and orchard soils, in Dongguan, implying that the pollution by PAEs in Dongguan were relatively high in PRD region. The concentrations of the cleanup objective of PAEs compounds（i.e. DMP, DEP, DnBP, BBP, DnOP, and DEHP） in vegetable and orchard soils in the whole PRD were lower than those in the soils from Jinan city and in some agricultural soils from Denmark, but two of them（DEP and DnBP） were higher than the PAEs controlling standard set for USA soils. DEP and DnBP seemed to be the main pollutants of PAEs in PRD regions.