引黄灌区农业水利成本和水利农业效益分析

Cost-benefit analysis of irrigated agriculture in Yellow River water diversion areas

通过对滨州小开河引黄灌区近10年农业规模效益发展及成本组成变化的分析,认为灌区水利工程建设对区域农业产生的影响主要为播种面积扩大、单产产量提高、作物种植结构调整,以及农业产量、产值快速增长及净利润的提高。但工程建成后,灌区农业效益增长的速度低于成本投入的增长速度,农业净利润的增长速度缓慢甚至个别作物净利润反而下降。农业成本中,水电成本仅为8%左右,粮棉水电成本占农业水电成本的八成左右,果树水电成本偏低、利润率偏大。建议对水电成本比例进行适当调整,增加效益好的作物水电成本比重,降低粮棉水电成本。

Through examination of cost-benefit changes of irrigated agriculture in Xiaokai River of Binzhou in Yellow River water diversion areas in the last ten years, it is found that water project construction in irrigation district has certain impact on agricultural production, including expansion of cultivated area, increase of yield per unit, adjustment of plantation pattern as well as multipling growth of agriculture production, yield and profit. However, after water project finished, the increase of project benefit is less than input and cost, which is shown as slow down of net profit increase or even drop of net profit of certain crops. In the total cost of agriculture production, the cost of water and electricity takes about 8%, however, cost of water and electricity of grain and eotton amount to 80% of total. The cost of water and electricity in fruit tree production is relatively low and profit is high. It is recommended to increase the crops that generate more benefits and reduce water and electricity cost in grain and cotton production.