从棉花种子市场和农户市场参与行为看我国种子行业的商业化改革

Commercial Reform in China's Seed Industry: Perspective from Cotton Seed Market and Farmers' Market Participation

本文根据实地调查数据,从种子市场和农户市场参与行为的角度分析了种子行业商业化改革的效果及改革过程中出现的新问题,探讨了种子市场特征等因素对农户市场参与的影响。研究结果发现,随着商业化改革的逐步深化,大量以小规模私人经营为主的种子经销商在最近几年便遍布县乡村,打破了地方市场的垄断,提高了种子的可获得性和品种的自由挑选度。但市场竞争缺乏规范和透明度,市场监管成本过高,造成了市场上同品种之间价格差异巨大,不良品种大量翻新,提高了市场的不确定性和风险。大部分农户缺乏充分信息挑选自己满意的品种,部分农户倾向于选择自留种等次优策略来回避市场风险,从而对及时采用最优品种造成了负面影响,同时限制了种子市场的总销售量和行业的扩张,使得改革难以达到促进技术推广利用和种子产业发展的双赢目的。

Based on seed market and farm household surveys, this study aims to assess the effect and challenges of China＇ s seed market reform, and examine the impact of seed market characteristics on farmers＇ market participation. The results show that numerous local small private seed companies and dealers have emerged from seed market commercialization in rural townships and villages. The market is very competitive, which facilitates farmers＇ seed purchasing and increases farmers＇ seed choices. However, this competitive market is highly unregulated and less transparent. Great variation of seed price exists in the market even for the same variety. The proliferation of seed types and variety names increase costs of farmer＇ s searching for quality seeds and raises uncertainty of seed quality purchased, which encourage farmers to save own seeds in production. If the current situation continues, it will have negative effects on both farmers＇ timely adoption of best technology and expansion of seed industry.