诗观与写作的悖离——穆木天的“纯诗”理论与写作实践

Difference between Poetics and Poems:MU Mu-tian's Theory of Pure Poetry and His Writing Practice

在穆木天的文学生涯中,有两次大的转向,一次是在日本期间由浪漫主义到象征主义的转向,其诗歌作品是写于1925年的《旅心》,其理论作品是写于1926年的《谭诗》这篇长文。前者表达的是模糊诗观,后者则是明确诗观。《谭诗》中表达的明确诗观主要涉及三个层面:诗歌的本质,诗歌写作的基本理念与诗歌写作的基本技术。而其核心的概念即是他主张的"纯粹诗歌"("纯诗")。但在实际上,穆木天的诗作只动用了他诗学主张的第三方面,即他自己提倡的诗歌写作的基本技术,在他的诗作与诗观之间,存在着很大程度的悖离。

There are two big transformations in MU Mu-tian＇s literary life. One is the transformation from romanticism to symbolism when he was studying in Japan. Another is from symbolism to the realism of the ＂Left Wing Union＂ in the early of 1930s. In the meanwhile, he created two works. One is his collection of poems entitled Luxin in 1925, and the other is his treatise called On Poetry in 1926. The former expresses a vague poetic view and the latter an explicit idea. Three aspects are involved in On Poetry： the nature of poetry, the fundamental composition ideals and the techniques. The kernel concept is the ＂pure poetry＂ he advocates. In practice, however, his poetic works have much disparity in between.