二氧化氯对花生B族黄曲霉毒素脱毒效果的研究

Decontamination of B-aflatoxins in peanut with chlorine dioxide treatment

黄曲霉毒素是由黄曲霉、寄生曲霉等真菌代谢的次生产物,对人和其他动物具有很高的毒性、致畸性和致癌性。黄曲霉毒素能够污染花生、玉米、水稻和棉籽等重要农产品,其中花生尤为严重。该研究分析了利用不同浓度的二氧化氯在不同的液料比和不同作用时间下花生中B族黄曲霉毒素(AFB1和AFB2)的含量变化,筛选出了最佳的脱毒工艺。结果表明,随着二氧化氯溶液浓度的提高,液料比的增加,作用时间的延长,花生中B族黄曲霉毒素的含量越低,脱毒效果越好。用10 g/L的二氧化氯溶液,以料液比(mL/g)5∶1对霉变染有B族黄曲霉毒素的30 g花生(98.60μg/kg)浸泡30 min具有很好的脱毒效果,处理后,黄曲霉毒素含量小于20μg/kg,达到国标GB 2761-2005对花生中黄曲霉毒素含量的要求。

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of the molds Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, which are highly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic to both human and animals. They could contaminate a wide variety of important agricultural products such as peanuts, maize, rice and cottonseed, especially peanuts. The individual effects of different chlorine dioxide solution concentration, ratio of solution to substrate, treatment time on several of B-aflatoxins（AFB1 and AFB2） concentrations in mouldy peanuts were analyzed and the best process of detoxification was screened out in this study. The results showed that with the increase of chlorine dioxide concentration, the increace of ratio of solution to substrate and the prolonging of treatment time, B-aflatoxins concentrations in mouldy peanuts became lower. The optimum detoxification conditions to the B-aflatoxins （98.60 μg/kg） contaminated peanuts were confirmed as follows： chlorine dioxide concentration 10 g/ L, ratio of solution to substrate （mL/g） 5：1, treatment time 30 rain. Through the treatment the detoxicated peanuts can meet national standard （GB 2761-2005）.