广布野豌豆裂荚影响因素与裂荚日动态研究

Studies of factors that influence the daily dynamics of pod dehiscence in Vicia cracca

为探明豆科牧草裂荚与环境条件的关系,以及每天的裂荚时间,以广布野豌豆为对象分别进行了晴天和阴天裂荚影响因素与裂荚日动态研究。研究结果表明,晴天时,相对裂荚率与气温、空气相对湿度、荚皮温度和荚皮含水量均呈极显著的相关关系(P<0.01),阴天时,除裂荚率与荚皮含水量相关关系未达到显著外,其余也均达到极显著或显著的相关水平(P<0.01或P<0.05),相对裂荚率与风速无关(P>0.05);晴天的裂荚率明显大于阴天,每天裂荚高峰期发生在12:00-14:00,而8:00前和18:00后不裂荚。上述结果得出,外界环境中的温度和湿度与裂荚率密切相关,选择8:00前的清晨和18:00后的傍晚,是避免种子损失,收获种子的最佳时间。

Factors influencing the daily dynamics of pod dehiscence in Vicia cracca were investigated on both sunny and cloudy days to find when the pods dehiscence and the relationships between pod dehiscence and environmental conditions. The results showed that the pod dehiscence rate had a significant positive correlation with air temperature, humidity, pod wall temperature, and moisture content on sunny days （P〈0.01）. On cloudy days, such factors, but not pod moisture content or wind speed, had a significant correlation （P〈0. 05） with pod dehiscence. Peak pod dehiscence occurred at 12.00 to 14.00 and there was little dehiscence before 8：00 or after 18：00. More pods dehisced on sunny days than on cloudy days. These results indicate that pod dehiscence rate is closely correlated with air temperature and humidity. To reduce seed loss, the optimum harvest time is in the morning before 8：00 or at dusk after 18;00.