情绪对危机决策质量的影响

The Effect of Emotion on the Quality of Crisis Decision-making

为探究情绪在危机情境下对决策质量的影响,研究通过影片诱发实验情绪,运用实验室实验考察了以情绪变量为主导、包括性别和任务难度等在内的相关因素对危机决策的作用机制。结果发现:(1)随着危机决策任务难度的增加,个体用于决策的时间显著增长,且性别与情绪类型间存在显著的二次交互作用;(2)在危机情境下,男性的产生新方案率明显高于女性;(3)男性被试对危机决策过程的自信程度显著高于女性,且情绪与难度变量之间交互作用显著;(4)个体对于自身危机决策结果的满意程度,在性别、情绪和难度变量之间存在显著的三次交互效应。

Research in the field of the relationship between emotion and decision-making has been one of hot topics. Previous research focusing on the relationship found that emotion played an important role in decision-making process. Meanwhile, some other factors, such as gender difference and task difficulty etc., could also influence decisionmaking. However, the previous research did not focus on the relationship between emotion and crisis decision-making. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to reveal the impact of emotion as well as some other relative factors on crisis decision-making. In the study, we recruited 120 undergraduate students and graduate students as participants. All these participants have normal vision and no dyslexia. A 2 （gender） x 2 （emotion） x 3 （difficulty） experimental design was adapted. The participants were asked to finish the experimental tasks when their two different emotions （neutral vs. negative） were triggered by two pieces of film-fragments respectively. Dependent variables are the time participants spent on crisis decision-making, the ratio of creating new viewpoints, the degree of confidence during the crisis decision-making process and the degree of the satisfaction for the results in crisis decision-making. MANOVA was applied to the data analysis. The results indicated that： （1） the more difficult the tasks were, the more time participants spent on. Meanwhile, females spent more time when the negative emotion was elicited comparing the time in the neutral emotion condition. Also, in the negative emotion condition, females spent more time than males on crisis decision-making; （2） when participants were asked to produce new viewpoints, males performed better than females; （3） during the crisis decision-making, the confidence degree for males was significantly stronger than that for females. Also, in the easy tasks, participants confidence degree was higher in the neutral emotion condition than that in the negative emotion condition; （4） in difficulty II ＆ 1II tasks, males＇ satisfaction degree was higher in the neutral emotion than in the negative emotion. In difficulty I ＆ II tasks, females＇ satisfaction degree was higher in the neutral emotion than in the negative emotion. Meanwhile, in difficulty 1 tasks, males＇ satisfaction degree was higher than that of females in the negative emotion condition. The results showed that there is obvious main-effect of task difficulty on time of crisis decision-making; moreover, there was significant interaction effect between gender and emotion. About the confidence degree, the performance of male was superior to that of female; meanwhile, there was significant interaction effect between emotion and task difficulty. The satisfaction degree was affected significantly by interaction effect among gender, types of emotion, and task difficulty.