短跑运动员落地缓冲阶段水平速度变化分析

Analysis of the Speed in the Ground Cushion Phase for Sprint Athletes

分析了中美两国优秀短跑运动员在不同支撑阶段水平速度的变化及影响因素.中国运动员在落地缓冲至垂直缓冲阶段水平速度明显高于美国运动员,但在整个缓冲期间,水平速度明显低于美国运动员.影响中国运动员水平速度的主要原因是摆动腿着地点距身体重心投影点较近,导致运动员从垂直缓冲到最大缓冲阶段的时间延长,身体重心下降幅度较大,不仅未能使着地缓冲至垂直缓冲阶段所获得的水平速度得以保持,而且在最大缓冲结束时水平速度下降幅度较大,进而影响后支撑阶段的水平速度和身体重心的移动距离.

Analysis of the speed factors of China and the United States sprinters at their buffer stage level is presented. Chinese athletes＇ landing velocity and vertical velocity are significantly higher than the United States athletes, but in the entire buffer, the horizontal velocity is significantly lower than the United States athletes. The main reason that influences the speed level of Chinese athletes is that the distance between the swinging leg landing point and the body center of gravity projection is too close,leading to a bigger time from the vertical buffer to the biggest buffer for the athletes. It also induces a larger decrease in the body center of gravity, which results in the failure of maintaining the speed obtained from the buffer of vertical access and in the decreasing of the horizontal velocity in the level of biggest buffer. These results influence greatly the speed and mobile distance of the body center of gravity.