葛兰西知识分子思想的再审视(续)

Gramsci on Intellectuals:A Re-examination [UK] Noel E. Boulting

Dualisms are an anathema to those forwarding a tripartite philosophy.To regard Gramsci simply as confronting the idea of "organic" with "traditional intellectuals" is to do a dis-service to his thought.Rather,he distinguishes between traditional,organic and critical organic intellectuals.That latter conception can be further elucidated in relation to five specific difficulties his analysis raised at the time of his articulation of the distinction between these three kinds of intellectual.These difficulties were: i) the nature of the consciousness to be raised by the critical organic intellectual’s activity;ii) the prospect of conformism;iii)the role of such an intellectual to potential addressees;iv) the concept of the intellectual worker;v) the substitution of humanistic,more global cognitive perspectives by specialized disciplines.These five difficulties,originating in Gramsci’s exploration of the role of the critical organic intellectual,are still very much with us today.Two problems arise as a result of presenting Gramsci’s position in this way: a) What is the basis of the lack of comprehension in the addressee of the critical organic intellectual’s activity? b) How can the standpoint such an intellectual is likely to take,in Marxist terms,arise today?

Dualisms are an anathema to those forwarding a tripartite philosophy. To regard Gramsci simply as confronting the idea of ＂organic＂ with ＂traditional intellectuals＂ is to do a disservice to his thought. Rather, he distinguishes between traditional, organic and critical organic intellectuals. That latter conception can be further elucidated in relation to five specific difficulties his analysis raised at the time of his articulation of the distinction between these three kinds of in- tellectual. These difficulties were： i） the nature of the consciousness to be raised by the critical organic intellectual＇s activity; ii） the prospect of conformism; ill）the role of such an intellectual to potential addressees; iv） the concept of the intellectual worker; v） the substitution of humanistic, more global cognitive perspectives by specialized disciplines. These five difficulties, originating in Gramsci＇s exploration of the role of the critical organic intellectual, are still very much with us to- day. Two problems arise as a result of presenting Gramsci＇s position in this way.. a） What is the basis of the lack of comprehension in the addressee of the critical organic intellectual＇s activity？ b） How can the standpoint such an intellectual is likely to take, in Marxist terms, arise today？