诱发性注意偏向对焦虑易感性运动员的影响研究

Research of Induced Attention Bias on Athlete Who is Vulnerability to Anxiety

目的:探讨在运动领域中注意偏向与焦虑易感性之间是否存在因果关系,即如果改变焦虑易感性运动员的注意偏向是否能改变其焦虑易感性。方法:根据状态——特质焦虑问卷和运动竞赛焦虑测验问卷调查的得分筛选出26名焦虑易感性运动员并随机分成两组作为被试,采用点探测实验范式在注意训练阶段进行不同的训练:一组探测点总是出现在之前负性词所处位置(负训组),一组探测点总是出现在之前中性词所处位置(中训组)。比较两组注意训练前、后阶段对不同极性情绪词语的反应时有无差异。此外还对点探测实验前、后心境量表报告的焦虑水平及完成压力任务的情况进行比较分析。结果:1)注意训练前,两组均对负性情绪刺激的反应更快。训练后,负训组与训练前相同;而中训组对中性情绪刺激的反应更快,与训练前相反;2)注意训练前,两组完成压力任务的成绩及压力下焦虑得分的升幅均无差异。训练后,负训组与训练前无显著差异;而中训组答题数量明显增多,压力下焦虑得分的升幅明显下降,与训练前均存在显著差异。结论:1)焦虑易感性运动员的注意偏向可以通过点探测训练方法诱发产生而改变;2)诱发性注意偏向能够改变焦虑易感性运动员在面对应激事件时的焦虑水平及行为表现。

Objective：To investigate whether has a causal relationship between attention bias and vulnerability to anxiety in the field of sports, that is, if the change in attention bias whether the athletes who is vulnerability to anxiety can change their vulnerability to anxiety. Method： 26 athletes who are vulnerability are investigated through the state-trait anxiety inventory and sports competition anxiety test scale. They were divided into two groups. Two groups are accepted experimental procedures to probe detect task. In attention training phase, a group＇s detection point always appears before the location of negative words （negative training group）, a group＇s detection point always appear before the location of neutral words （neutral training group）. The two groups are compared whether the reaction time to the different nature of extreme emotional words have different. In addition, compare and analyze the reported score about anxiety level on the mood scale and the situation to complete the pressure task between before and after the experimental procedures to probe detect task. Result： 1 ） Before attention training, two groups＇ reaction to negative emotion stimuli is both faster. After attention training, negative training group＇s as same as before training, but neutral training group＇s reaction to the neutral emotional stimuli is faster, contrary to before training. 2） Before attention training, the situation to complete the pressure task and the increases of the score about anxiety under the pressure has no significant difference between two groups. After attention training, negative training group has no significant differences compare with before attention training;but neutral training group,compared with before attention training, the quantity of answer to the pressure task increases and the increases of scores about anxiety decreases significantly under the pressure, there are significant differences. Conclusion： 1） attention bias of the athlete who is vulnerability to anxiety can be induced and changed through training. 2） Induced attention bias can change the level of anxiety and the behavioral performance of the athlete who is vulnerability to anxiety when faced with stress events.