内隐习得运动技能的抗应激性实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Performance of Motor Skills Acquired Implicitly under Pressure

以高尔夫推杆击球技能为实验对象,采用类比学习范式和双因素混合设计,通过对22名被试的研究发现:1)类比学习虽然有外显的指导语,但练习者并不能报告具体的与技能操作相关的知识,因此是一种有效的内隐学习方式;2)内隐学习和外显学习在运动技能获得进程中的效果是相当的;3)通过内隐习得的运动技能在压力条件下表现出很好的抗应激性。内隐习得运动技能的抗应激性特征为干预运动实践中的Choking现象另辟蹊径。

Twenty-two participants acquired a golf putting task by means of an implicit leaming method（analogy learning paradigm） or an explicit method, with two factors mixed-design. The result shows that 1） Analogy learning paradigm is an effective way of implicit learning. Although it has an explicit instruction, practitioners can＇t report specific skills-related knowledge. 2） There is no difference in the aspects of learning phase. 3） The motor skills acquired implicitly displayed better performance under pressure. The characteristic of the anti-stress about the skills acquiring implicitly showed a new way for intervention on the phenomenon of Choking in sports.