发展中国家竞争政策中的消费者保护

On the Consumer Protection in Competition Policy in Developing Countries

本文认为,发展中国家竞争政策中的消费者保护有其特定的含义,它不仅包括通过维护和促进竞争提高消费者福利水平的内容,还包括防范与禁止厂商欺诈行为以保护消费者合法权益及运用直接价格干预的方法保护低收入个人消费者的内容。文章提出,发展中国家的竞争政策应专注于促进竞争、提高效率、增进消费者福利,并通过政策目标和竞争例外范围的设定与其他经济和社会政策相互协调,解决消费者权益保护和低收入人群保护的问题,避免竞争政策执行过程中因目标和标准冲突而造成的混乱和低效率。

Besides the enhancement of consumer welfare through promoting competition, consumer protection m many developing countries has its special meaning in two aspects： to protect the interests of consumers from being infringed by abusive business practices, and to ensure the basic needs at affordable costs through direct price intervention. That is, in many developing countries, there is not a clear distinction between competition policy and consumer protection policy in theory and in practice. These two policies are interrelated. However, the competition policy should focus on the enhancement of efficiency and consumer welfare through promoting competition, to avoid the confusion in the implementation.