新型黏滞阻尼器原理与试验研究

Experimental study on a new type of viscous damper

黏滞阻尼器是一种广泛应用的消能减振装置,为了进一步改善其工作性能,研制一种新型调节阀式黏滞阻尼器。该型阻尼器在活塞上专门设计装配一种压差调节阀,以实现阻尼器性能的可控化。压差调节阀由孔道、阀芯和调压弹簧组成,阀体结构简单,体积小巧。阻尼器工作时,如果外界的激励较小,阻尼介质在活塞两端压差的作用下往复流经与调节阀并联的阻尼孔,消耗外界输入的能量;若外界激励作用加大,当活塞两端压差达到或超过调节阀开启值时,通过调节阀的溢流作用,使活塞两边的压差基本保持稳定,进而控制阻尼器的最大输出阻尼力。根据该型阻尼器的构造及工作原理,建立阻尼器在调节阀开启前后的简化力学模型,并对其进行力学性能试验及仿真分析。研究结果表明,该阻尼器的性能达到预期的设计要求,且力学模型能够较好地反映阻尼器的实际受力情况,能有效耗散能量,保证结构及消能支撑的安全。

Viscous dampers are widely used in structures as energy dissipation devices. To further improve its performance, a new kind of viscous damper with pressure adjustment valve was developed. A pressure adjustment valve was designed and installed in the viscous damper to control the pressure effectively. The pressure adjustment valve consisted of orifice, valve core and a pressure adjustment spring. The configuration of the valve was simple and easy to use. This type of damper works in such a manner that, if the external excitation is small, the silicon fluid flows through the orifice parallel to the valve under the pressure between the two end pistons to consume the external imputed energy. With the increase of the external excitation, the pressure between the two end pistons may reach or exceed the initial value to open the valve. Fallout of the silicon fluid could adjust the pressure difference between the two sides of the piston and control the maximum output damping force. Based on the composition and working principle of the damper, a model for the damping force was developed, and experimental study and numerical simulation analysis were performed. The results indicated that the performance of the damper met the design requirement, and the mechanical model could accurately predict the nonlinear behavior of the damper.