突发性灾害中的公众风险感知与应急管理——以5·12汶川地震为例

The Public Perception of Risks and the Management of Emergency Measures Taken during Unexpected Calamities

突发性灾害对公众的生命财产安全造成了严重威胁,也给应急管理工作带来了严峻的挑战。灾害所导致的巨大风险感知是引发人们的一系列心理和行为反应的核心中介变量,是应急风险管理应考虑的中心问题。本文以汶川地震为例,基于重灾区的实际调研数据,分析重灾区公众在地震中的风险感知特征及其影响因素,构建了一个完整的风险感知理论模型,有利于更好地理解风险感知对人们的心理健康和应对行为的作用机理,并为政府风险管理机制构建和应急反应策略制定提供心理和行为方面的理论与现实依据。

An unexpected disaster will not only seriously threaten the safety of the lives and the property of the public, but also bring grave challenges to the emergency management. The perception of formidable risks that is resulted from disasters is the kernel medium variable that triggers off a series of reactions of psychology and action, and this perception is the key problem that should be considered in the management of emergency measures. Taking the Wenchuan Earthquake as our case to be studied, and based on the data from our actual investigation of the worst-hit regions, we have, in this article, analyzed the characteristics and influencing elements of the public perception of risks in the worst-hit regions in this earthquake, and constructed a comprehensive theoretic model for the perception of risks, a model that has contributes to the better understanding of the risk perceptions and their impacts on people’s health status and their response and has afforded a theoretic and practical foundation in psychology and behavior for the formation of governments’ management of emergency measures and policies for responses to emergencies.