太极拳发劲的等速测力的实验研究

An Experimental Research on Iso-kinetic Test of Exerting Strength in Shadowboxing

为了揭示太极拳内劲的特性,对两组学生进行发力实验,发力形式以短劲为主,用美国进口等速测力仪,对受试者进行站立姿势的短距离(10 cm)前推发力实验,然后对取得的以下几个指标:峰力矩、功、功率、角度、减弱时间等数据进行统计处理,发现在功率、发力移动角度上以及在力量减弱时间上都有显著差异,在峰力矩,做功方面没有显著差异,并进一步对等速测力力矩/角度图形特征进行分析,显示出三大特征:即开始阶段的低平性、上升阶段的陡升性、结束阶段的骤停性。表明:太极拳劲力的能量消耗小但打击效果好的矛盾的统一;太极拳劲力遇刚则柔的柔性特征,而且柔性中具有弹性的特质;显示了太极拳劲力是开发了肌肉极致的弹性,而且在弹性中具有"听劲"的灵敏素。

To reveal the features of the inner strength of shadowboxing, short range pushing strength （10cm） of stand-up subjects of two groups of students were measured with iso-kinetic dynamometer imported from the US. The indexes of peak torque, power, angle and declining time are obtained and processed by statistics. It is noted that there are significant differences in power, removing angle and power-declining time between the shadowboxing group and the normal group, but the differences are not significant in peak torque and working. Besides, after an analysis toward the torque-angle coordinate graphs, three features are demonstrated：low and flattened at the beginning period, sharp rise in the elevating period and a sudden stop at the end. The research indicates there is a contrasted harmony between a low energy consumption of the strength in shadowboxing and its effective stroke; the strength of shadowboxing has a feature of becoming softened when it is encountered by powerful forces while its softness is characteristic of elasticity; the strength of shadowboxing shows a full exertion of the elasticity of muscles, and its elasticity contains a sensitivity that seems to be audible.