骨缺损的临床治疗进展

Clinical Therapeutic Progress of Bone Defects

骨移植是治疗骨缺损的有效方法。自体骨移植是传统的骨移植方法，具有骨生成能力强、愈合快的特点，但来源有限，可能二次手术创伤和增加感染机会。同种异体骨不具有自身成骨能力，其愈合主要靠骨传导作用和骨诱导作用，移植骨的抗原性是影响其与宿主愈合的重要因素。异种骨应用于临床的主要障碍是免疫排异反应。人工骨及其替代材料成骨方式单一，缺乏生物活性，修复不彻底，愈合缓慢，与自体骨髓及细胞组成的复合物能克服上述缺点。骨迁移延长术是治疗肢体大段骨缺损安全有效的方法。

Materials of Bone grafting are effective treatment for bone defects. Autogenous bone is traditional material for bone grafting with the characteristics of formation ability and easy healing, however, its source is limited and it increases infected chances. Allogeneie hone does not have osteogenesis and is helpful in healing by bone conduction and bone induction. The antigenieity of bone transplantation is an important factor influencing allogeneie bone healing with host. Immunological rejection may be the main obstacle for successful heterogeneous bone used in clinical practice. Osteoblast mode and its sueeedaneum are single for artificial bone with lack of biological activity; incomplete restoration and slow healing process,combined with bone marrow derived osteoprogenitor ceils could overcome those shortcomings. Bone transplantation and pro- longation is useful and safety treatment for bone defects.