机车乘务员身心健康状态评定及其影响因素分析

Evaluation on Health Status of Locomotive Drivers and Influencing Factors

目的调查机车乘务员的生理、心理健康状况及其影响因素,为更好地开展机车乘务员的预防保健工作提供科学依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自编量表对阜阳机务段375名机车乘务员的生理、心理健康状况进行评定。结果机车乘务员高血压患病率高于全国平均水平;心电异常检查中,不同工龄组患病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=89.484,P<0.01)。SCL-90评定中,机车乘务员除人际紧张、恐怖外的7项因子分及总分均高于全国常模水平,以躯体化、强迫症状2项因子分最高;单值乘司机组的因子分最高;30～39岁年龄组机车乘务员各项因子分高于其他年龄组,与全国常模的差异性最为显著;15～25岁年龄组机车乘务员因子分、总分高于全国常模,且差异性显著,并高于其他工龄组。多元回归分析提示,机车乘务工作属性是影响机车乘务员心理健康的主要因素。结论阜阳机务段机车乘务员生理健康状况不容乐观,心理健康评定结果低于全国常模。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the physiological and psychological health status and influence factors of locomotive drivers. METHODS To evaluate the physiological and psychological health status of 375 locomotive drivers from Fuyang locomotive depot by using the SCL-90 scale. RESULTS Locomotive drivers had the higher prevalence rate of hypertension than the level of national average ： In the ECG examination, significant differences were found in different working age groups （χ^2=89.484, P〈0.01）. In the assessment of SCL-90, except for interpersonal stress factor and phobia factor, the other seven factors＇ scores and total score of the locomotive drivers were significantly higher than that of national norm, with highest factor scores of somatization and compulsion. The every factor score of single locomotive driver group was highest compared with other groups. The every factor score of 30-39 age group were significantly higher than that of other age groups. The every factor score and total score of 15-25 working age group were significantly higher than that of national norm and other working age groups. Risk factor relative to the mental health was the work type of locomotive driver. CONCLUSIONS The physiological health status of the locomotive driver is not optimistic, meanwhile the psychological health level is lower than the national norm.