“小历史”中的“大历史”--《疾病解说者》中的历史叙事与文化霸权

"History" Beyond "Histories" in Interpreter of Maladies

2000年美国普利策小说奖获奖作品《疾病解说者》由九个短篇小说组成,其中"柏哲达先生来搭伙"运用第一人称女童叙事的独特手法,打破传统历史真实与文学虚构的二元对立,将作为文学稳定"背景"的历史置于文学的"前景"突显出来。通过人物"小历史"的描述,小说把印度被殖民、被分而治之的"大历史"前景化,巧妙地谴责英国殖民者对印度人民的戕害,批评美国主流意识形态对少数族裔文化的压制与埋没,从而达到重新书写少数族裔历史,颠覆殖民话语及主流意识形态文化霸权的目的。

＂When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine＂ is a short story among the nine in Jhumpa Lahiri＇ s Interpreter of Maladies （ 1999 ） , the 2000 Pulitzer Prize winner for fiction. By using the firstperson point of view of a little Asian Indian American girl, the story breaks the traditional demarcation of history and literature, foregrounding the history of India which was later divided into three countries--India, Pakistan, Bangladesh--and one district Kashmir by the English colonial policy. By depicting the stories of the characters and the history of their country and their people behind them, the story severely criticizes the colonial history and the cultural hegemony.