植物延伸因子eEF1A研究进展

Advance in eukaryotic elongation factor eEF1A in plant

60年代初,首先从E.co1i细胞中分离获得延伸因子,延伸因子eEF1A广泛存在于真核细胞内,是在核糖体上催化氨基酸链的延伸而推动、控制蛋白质的合成等方面起到重要作用的蛋白质因子。在植物蛋白质合成延伸过程中,eEF1A是一个主要的翻译因子;在快速增殖的细胞中,eEF1A基因的表达调控十分保守,其表达水平同细胞生长及增殖速度有关。eEF1A除了参与同翻译控制有关的信号传导外,还参与细胞生长、应激反应及与运动性有关的信号传导,并且与细胞凋亡等有关。eEF1A在体内和体外均能同肌动蛋白纤维及微管蛋白结合,是细胞骨架运动性的调节蛋白。目前许多植物的eEF1A基因已被分离,植物种间的eEF1A氨基酸序列高度保守;植物eEF1A由多基因编码,它的表达受激素、环境胁迫和生长发育过程等因素诱导。文章通过总结植物延伸因子eEF1A的生理作用以及eEF1A基因的克隆、鉴定、诱导表达等分子生物学研究,以期为今后进一步深入研究eEF1A奠定基础。

In the early 60＇s, elongation factor was isolated from cell of E.coli at first, and eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha （eEF1A）, which broadly exists in eukaryotic cells, is a protein factor that plays important roles in activating the prolongation of amino acid chain in ribosome for promoting and regulating the protein synthesis. During the process of protein synthesis and prolongation in plant, eEF1A is a main translation factor. The expression and regulation of eEF1A are very conservative in fast proliferating ceils, and its expression level is related to the growth and proliferation rate of ceils, eEF1A takes part in signal transduction which is related to regulating translation, cell growth, stress reaction and mobility, and it is also related to cell apoptosis. At present, eEF1A gene of many plants has been isolated and the amino acid sequence of eEF1A in plant species is highly conservative, eEF1A gene of plant is coded by polygene and its expression is induced by hormone, environmental stress and process of growth and development. The physiological functions and molecular biology of eEF1A gene including cloning, identification, induced expression, etc. were summarized in the paper to provide a basis for future researches on eEF1A.