新引1号东方山羊豆生态生物学特性及利用

Ecological and Biological Characteristics and Utilization of Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.1

新引1号东方山羊豆(Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.1)为多年生、根蘖性、茎中空、直立、株高90～120cm,冬性豆科牧草。可在土壤总盐碱含量低于0.3%以下生长发育良好,气温-25℃～-45℃低温条件下有积雪覆盖地区安全越冬。抗真菌、细菌性病害、线虫。在天山北坡山前冲积扇平原农区年可收获三茬干草,产量达12～15t/ha,高产稳产期达10年以上。鲜、干草各类家畜均喜食,分枝期和初花期分别含单宁0.02%和0.93%,反刍家畜青饲不会发生臌胀病。初花期粗蛋白质、氨基酸、中、酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为23.88%、14.17%、43.17和35.82%。干草饲喂荷斯坦奶牛比饲喂苜蓿干草产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白分别提高2.1%、0.35%和0.24%。该品种建植的人工草地郁闭度>90%时,菟丝子(Cuscata chinensis)不能成活;该品种种子粒径10～12目,批量种子如混杂有菟丝子种子(粒径14～16目)易清选。该牧草不受苜蓿叶象甲(Hyptra postica)、苜蓿籽象甲(Tychius medicaginis)、驴豆根瘤象甲(Sitona callosus)危害,可与苜蓿人工草地轮作。

Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.l is perennial winter legumes forage with hollow stems that is height 90-120cm and creeping root. the forage is growing well on the saline alkaline soil which alkalinity content is less than 0.3 percent. With snow cover, it can safe hibemation in low temperature （-25℃-45℃） condition, it able to resist fungus ,bacterial diseases and nematodes. In the northem slopes of Tianshan alluvial fan plain agricultural region, it can harvest 3 times, the annual hay yield reach 12-15t/ha and it can effective output over10 years. It is favorable by all livestocks either in hay or fresh. Tannin is 0.02% in branching stage and 0.93% in the early flowering stage. Ruminant will not cause bloating feeding fresh Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.1. In the early flowering stage, the content of crude protein, amino acids, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber is 23.88 %, 14.17%, 43.17% and 35.82% separately. To feed the Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.1 and Medicago Sativa L. to dairy separately ,the milk yield of the cow which feed the Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.1 can be increased by 2.1%, milk fat rate and lactoprotein is increased by 0.35 % and 0.24 %.In the Galega orientalis Lam.cv.Xinyin No.1 （the coverage is more than 90 %） artificial grassland, Cuscuta. L. cannot survive. Particle diameter of the forage is 1.68-2.00mm,so it is easy to select Cuscata chinensis seeds which particle diameter is 2.42-2.84mm. it able to resist Hyptra postieaan , Tychius medieaginis and Sitona callosus and used to rotation of lucerne crops and grass.