论《尚书》“命”体及其文化功能

Study on the "Decree" Style in "Book of Documents"

《尚书》中的"命"体都是册命之文,册命之文是因册命制度而生成的,册命有着繁缛的礼仪过程,因而,"命"体之文均显示出三段式的仪式性结构模式。册命之文是经过两次书写而形成的,具有原生形态和次生形态之分。原生形态的册命之文,体现的是一种君臣之间权责契约式的关系;而次生形态的册命之文,体现的则是一种人祖之间归美和福佑的关系。册命之文,在西周宣王时代,因献祭祖先时诵读和记忆的需要,渐次由散体形态发展为韵体形态,这对后世的韵体铭文的生成有着直接的影响。

＂Decrees＂ in ＂Book of Documents＂ were articles of the imperial decree, because of the imperial decree system, the imperial decree has the over-elaborated etiquette process, thus ＂decree＂ articles demonstrated the triad structure pattern. During the evolution, articles of the imperial decree have the division of primary state and the sub state. The primary article of imperial decree manifests the power-responsibility contract relations between one ruler and the ministers; But the secondary state article of imperial decree manifests the beautiful and blessing relations between ancestor and offerings.