枕小和耳大神经移植修复面神经缺损的应用解剖

The Applied Anatomy for Facial Nerve Defect Repaired by the Graft of Lesser Occipital and Greater Auricular Nerves

目的为枕小和耳大神经移植修复面神经缺损提供形态学基础。方法在32侧成人标本上,观测颈丛皮神经的行程、长度、横径和血供情况。结果枕小和耳大神经的长度分别为(7.7±0.8)cm和(7.9±0.9)cm;横径分别为(1.6±0.4)mm和(2.2±0.4)mm。枕小和耳大神经的血供主要来源于颈升动脉神经支、枕动脉的胸锁乳突肌皮支和耳后动脉皮支。结论枕小和耳大神经可作为面神经移植的一个合适而易得的理想供体,行自体神经游离移植或吻合血管神经移植用以修复各种原因所致的面神经缺损。

Objective To provide morphologic basis for facial nerve repair by interposition nerve graft of the lesser occipital and greater auricular nerves. Methods The course, lengths, transverse diameters and their blood supply of the lesser occipital and greater auricular nerves were observed and measured on 32 sides of adult specimens. Results The lengths of the lesser occipital and greater auricular nerve were 7. 7± 0.8cm and 7. 9±0. 9cm, respectively. Their transverse diameters were 1.6±0.4ram and 2. 2±0.4mm, separately. The blood supply of the lesser occipital and greater auricular nerves originated mainly from such musculocutaneous branches as the ascending cervical, occipital and posterior auricular artery. Conclusion As a suitable, available and ideal donor of facial nerve graft, lesser occipital and greater auricular nerves, by autogenous free nerve graft or nerve transplant with vessel anstomosis, can repair facial nerve defect resulted from all causes.