颈前区器官的应用解剖研究

Applied Anatomy of Organs in Anterior Cervical Region

目的观察颈前区器官与血管和神经的毗邻关系,为临床手术提供解剖学依据。方法在18例36侧成人头颈标本上解剖观测喉、气管颈部和甲状腺的血管和神经的走行及分布。结果甲状腺左、右叶平均长度为48.9±8.8mm和49.9±7.9mm,锥状叶者8例,占44.4%;1例出现甲状腺最下动脉(出现率5.6%),2例出现甲状腺最下静脉(出现率11.1%);喉上动脉入喉处在甲状软骨上角的前下方左侧为13.94±2.79mm,右侧为14.93±2.58mm,差异有统计学意义;喉上神经内支入喉处在甲状软骨上角前下方左侧为11.78±3.44mm,右侧为12.26±2.66mm;喉下神经在甲状软骨下角后下入喉,距离甲状软骨下角左侧5.34±1.61mm,右侧5.72±1.74mm,差异有统计学意义。结论手术时应注意这一区域血管神经走行情况,防止并发症的发生。

Objective To provide the anatomy data for surgery, we study the relationship between blood vessels and nerves and organs in anterior cervical region. Methods The blood vessels and nerves of larynx and thyroid glands were observed on 18 adult cadavers（36 sides）. Results The mean lenghths of left and right lobes of thyroid gland were 8. 9±8.8mm and 49. 9±7.9mm, respectively. The pyramidal lobe were found in 8（44. 4%）, and the thyroid arteries ima in 1 n（5.6%）, thyroid veins ima in 2 （11.1 %）, respectively. The superior thyroid artery ran accompanying with the superior laryngeal nerve, and the inferior thyroid artery was crossed with recurrent laryngeal nerve. The superior laryngeal artery entered the larynx anteroinferior to the superior cornu of thyroid cartilage by 13.94±2.79mm in the left side and 14.93±2.58mm in the right side with significant difference. The internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve ran into the larynx anteroinferior to the superior cornu of thyroid cartilage by 11.78±3.44mm in the left side and 12.26 ±2. 66mm in the right side. The inferior laryngeal nerve perforated the larynx inferoposterior to the inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage by 5.34±1.61mm in the left side and 5.72±1.74mm in the right side with significant difference. Conclusion Understanding of anatomical features of blood vessels and nerve of the larynx and thyroid gland is helpful to avoid the complications during neck surgery.