北京地铁施工安全事故分析及防治对策

Analysis and Control Measures of Safety Accidents in Beijing Subway Construction

当前我国城市地铁建设发展迅速,但也出现了各类施工安全事故频发的严峻事实.基于这一现状,以北京地铁近年来新建线路施工中出现的具体工程事故案例为背景,结合新建地铁的工程特点及施工难点,分析了事故发生的主要原因,通过对现有事故资料的整理分析,按其发生的主要原因分为5种类型:地层过量变形引起坍塌、不良地质体突发灾害、施工诱发地下管线破坏、工程施工管理不力、施工设备及操作技术过失引发的事故.针对每一类事故,制定相应的防治对策及方案,进而提出适合于我国城市地铁施工安全控制和风险管理的具体措施,以期为城市地铁及其他地下工程安全建设提供重要参考.

At present the urban subway construction are developing rapidly, while various safety accidents appeared frequently during the process. Based on this situation and especially on the specific accident cases of Beijing new subway projects, the main reasons for safety accidents are analyzed and the relevant control measures are proposed. Combined with their characteristics and difficulties, the accidents can be classified by five types： accidents caused by strata excessive deformation, sudden calami- ties induced by the bad geology bodies, underground pipelines being destroyed by excavation disturbance, accidents due to lack of construction management, as well as accidents caused by bad construction equipment and faulty operation. Accordingly, prevention and control measures and schemes fit for all these types are summarized and proposed, and then the risk management system for urban subway projects construction is established. The control measures mentioned above have been proved successful in some projects of Beijing subway, which can be taken as the important reference to construction of the urban subway and other underground projects in our country.