南方碳酸盐岩地区地震采集技术方法探讨

A discussion on technologies of seismic data acquisition in carbonate area of South China

中国南方碳酸盐岩广泛分布,地形高陡,地下构造复杂,勘探区因裸露碳酸盐岩的存在,致使地震资料信噪比低,制约了这些区域的油气勘探进程。中国石化勘探南方分公司在这些地区开展了多轮采集技术方法攻关,取得了较好的攻关成果,资料品质得到了提高,地下地质特征更加清楚。以中国石化勘探南方分公司多年来的采集实践为基础,从目前的采集技术现状及存在问题出发,对碳酸盐岩裸露区的表层调查方法、观测系统设计、激发接收因素的选取等方面提出见解和认识:南方碳酸盐岩地区的地震勘探要围绕着如何提高资料信噪比来开展;上述地区的地震勘探是一个复杂的系统工程,单项技术难以取得明显效果。

The carbonate rocks are widely distributed in South China with steep formations and complex underground structure. A large amount of exposed carbonatite in the exploration zone resulted in low signal-to-noise ratio which has restricted the process of oil and gas exploration in this area. The Sinopec South Company of Prospecting is striving to make technological breakthrough and has achieved a great success with a higher quality of the collected seismic data and much more knowledge of the geological characteristics of underground structures. Based on field practices and many years' experiences from this company,this paper starts from the status quo and the existing issues of present seismic data acquisition technology to put forward personal points of view and ideas on the methods of surface survey on the exposed carbonate area,design of recording geometry,the involved factors of source shot,and technique & instruments of geophone receiving system:the seismic exploration in South China carbonate area should focus on how to improve the signal-to-noise ratio,and to rely on a single technique is not enough to achieve good results due to the complexity of seismic exploration there.