工作记忆在写作过程中的作用

The Role of Working Memory in Writing Process

写作作为一种复杂的认知活动,涉及到多个过程的共同作用。这些过程对容量有限的工作记忆造成压力,认知负荷过大,是造成写作困难的主要原因。熟练的写作者处理压力的方式有多种,包括通过练习降低低层次过程的认知压力,或者通过中央执行系统对认知注意进行分配。除此以外,增加备用的认知资源系统,通过长时工作记忆对长期记忆内的知识进行提取和利用,也是一个有效的处理压力的方式。文中从认知的角度对工作记忆在写作中的作用和研究情况进行综述,为二语写作的研究提供了新的视角和方向。

As a highly complicated cognitive activity, writing involves many concurrent processes, which exert great strain on the capacity-limited cognitive resources. It is the overload of working memory that leads to major writing difficulties. Skilled writers, generally good at dealing with this limitation, can lower the cognitive demand of low level skills through practice, reallocate the attentional resources and make use of additional resources in the long term memory. This article reviews the studies of the role of working memory in the writing process and discusses its implication in the second language writing research.