郊野公园的研究与建设

Research and Construction of Country Park

郊野公园是世界公园体系中重要的一部分,对我国城乡建设发展具有重要意义。本文通过广泛查阅文献,对郊野公园的历史演变、概念特征、类型模式和管理体制4个方面进行了系统论述。郊野公园经历了理念起源、管理探索与功能转型、注重游憩3个历史发展时期,其特征表现为:近郊区位、以自然和乡村景观为主、保护环境、满足城镇居民郊外游憩需求等。郊野公园按照主要活动设施、主导游憩活动、地貌特征、景观特色和旅游资源五种标准分为24个类型。总结英国和我国香港较为成熟和完善郊野公园管理体系和立法政策,探讨我国城郊森林型、生态林型、环城游憩带型、乡村田园型4种郊野公园模式的建设对策。

Country park, as an important part of world park system, contributes to the construction and development of Chinese urban and rural areas significantly. Through extensive literature review, this paper systematically introduced the development process, con- ception, classification and management systems of country park. Three broad phases （the idea origin, management research and func- tional shift, recreation enrichment）could be identified in the development of country park, which is characterized by its suburban loca- tion, natural and country landscape, function of environmental protection and urban resident recreation. Analyzing from the subject use and object resource, country parks can be classified into twenty-four types according to five criteria （leisure facilities, recreation activities, land features, landscape characters and tourism resources）. After summarizing the sophisticated management and legal sys- tems of English and Hong Kong country parks, the paper puts forward the principles and advices for four Chinese country park mod- els （suburban forest type, ecological forest type, ReBAM＇ recreational belt around metropolis＇type, pastoral village type）.