失地农民就业和社会保障——长三角平湖市个案研究

Employment and Social Security of Farmer’s Lost Their Land——A Case Study in Pinghu City,Zhejiang Province

土地是农民安身立命、工作、生活的重要场所和生存基础,是农民社会保障的载体和家庭最基本的经济基础。随着我国城市化、工业化的快速发展,派生出庞大的失地农民群体。如果不建立相应的社会保障体系和为其就业、创业提供条件和资本,他们将面临边缘化、贫困化的危险。本文在全面调查的基础上,解析当前失地农民社会保障制度的缺陷及其失地致贫的原因,围绕给予征地农民更大的话语权和补偿权,提出了深化农村集体建设用地流转改革,发挥生产资料和社会保障双重功能,建立补偿机制、解决长期收益,改进社会保障制度安排和为就业、创业提供条件等措施,从而达到使失地农民共享城市化、工业化的成果,实现人与经济、社会的同步发展的目的。

According to the basic requirement in the world that ten thousand population living in town need less than 1 km2 space and there add 12.7 million population in city when the township level increase per 10% in china, so there have to occupy with 1.9 million Chinese acre land area when the urbanization level increases 1%, which lead to about 2.66 million farmers lost their lands. It is esti- mated that there will be newly increased about 42.6 million farmers till 2020 according to the urbanization level increases at over 1% actuality. Numerous farmers lose lands that are their livelihood. However, it is not only losing land for farmers, but lose their right and benefits of lands, which probably leads to such farmers involve in dangerous of neglect and poverty. On basis of all_round investigat- ing and facing now situation in china, the purpose of this article is researching how to solve problem of farmers losing lands and ana- lyzing defects of social security system of losing lands farmers and the reason of poverty owing to losing lands, surrounding protecting them statement fight and compensate right, bringing up deepen reform of transferring right of rural state construction land, playing the role of produce material and social security, founding compensate system for solving long-term benefits, improving social security sys- tem and creating good platform for job hunting, which make such farmers share fruits of urbanization and industrialization in order to harmonious and synchronism development among human, economy and society.