“发展”内涵的深化与“发展”现实的误区

On Meanings and Misunderstandings of Development

在传统意义上,"发展"的内涵一直被认为是短期功利价值的实现,是财富的增加,是国家经济总量的增长。而随着社会的进步,要求"发展"的内涵必须突破传统的功利价值观念,朝着深化方向去拓展。也就是说,发展内容应拓展为经济增长、人文发展、生态可持续;发展目标应拓展为短期发展、长期发展、历史发展;发展主体应拓展为个人发展、国家发展、人类整体发展;发展还应是各种利益关系的协调过程;发展过程应遵循四个原则,即实现某一方利益以不损害其他方利益为前提(帕累托改进原则),实现某一方利益而损害另一方利益时应给予受损方足够的补偿(卡尔多改进原则),发展中出现不均衡时应着重关注处于最不利地位者的利益(罗尔斯公正原则),发展以不超过自然承载力、不损害地球生态和后代人利益为约束(可持续发展原则)。由此反观现实中的"发展"实践,会发现存在着诸多"发展"误区:人均国内生产总值(GDP)所反映的"发展"忽略了多方面的"发展"内涵;"过度发达"异化了"发展"的理性方向;"发展"的比较与借鉴忽略了不同的背景条件;关乎"发展"的各种利益关系未得到足够重视;追求"发展"成效而不讨论"发展"成本的分担。

What are the perfect meanings of ＂development＂？ ＂Development＂ is the coordination of economic growth, social development and ecological sustainability, is the coordination of interests at present, long-term interests and historical interests, and is the coordination of one＇s personal advances, a national improvement and a whole development of human being. ＂Development＂ also means the harmonization of relations between various classes in society. Based on the new viewpoint of development, we should knowledge the comprehensive contents of development and several misunderstandings about it.