先秦怨政诗综论

On Politics-complaining Poems in the Pre-qin Period

怨政诗主要抒写对社会现实的不满和怨责,《诗经》、楚辞中大量的批判性反映社情政况的篇章构成了先秦时期怨政诗的主体。在先秦怨政诗中,有平民讥刺国君、嘲讽权贵的嬉笑怒骂,其间充满了道义审判的优越感;有贵族焦虑国事、痛心朝政的严辞厉语,其间充满了命运攸关的忧愤感。先秦怨政诗毫无矫饰地表达不同阶层的价值理念和利益诉求,确立了中国古代怨政诗反映社会政治生态状况的基本模式,凸显了中国古代怨政诗维护公共价值及诉求阶层利益的社会功能,是中国古代诗歌积极干预社会的优良传统的重要起点。

The politics-complaining poems mainly expressed dissatisfaction and complaint on the social reality. A lot of poems critically reflecting political conditions and public opinions in the Book of Songs and Chu ci made up the pri.＇ncipal part of politics-complaining poems of that period. In politics-complaining poems of the Pre-qin period, there were kinds of contents , such as the sarcasms from civilians to kings and the dignitary which were full of superiority complex of morality trial and the severe remarks from aristocrats worrying about the political affairs, which were full of sorrow and anger. The politics-complaining poems of the Pre-qin period expressed different values and interest appeal from different classes, thus establishing the basic model of ancient Chinese politics-complaining poems to reflect the social political condition, highlighting the social functions of ancient Chinese politics-complaining poems to maintain common value and claim class interest, which became the key start line of the good tradition of ancient Chinese poems to interfere the society.