黑龙江省早熟粳稻育成品种亲本选配研究

Study on Selecting and Mating parents of Approved Rice Varieties from 1989 to 2008 in Heilongjiang Province

以1989年～2008年黑龙江省水稻审定品种为分析材料,通过对育成品种亲本的追溯并结合育成品种的亲本特点、核心亲本、组配方式,探讨育种亲本选配经验和新的基因型发展规律。结果表明,杂交育种是黑龙江省选育粳稻品种的主要方法,其中配组方式以单交为主。每一阶段水稻育种,都必须要有一个核心基因库的骨架,即原始核心基因库,1999年～2008年核心基因库得到明显的丰富,其中原始核心基因库占同期基因库62.65%。亲本选配的基本经验是以自育材料为主,外引品种、日本品种为辅,通过当地品种、品系及外引种质间相互组配,较易选出新品种。

Approved rice varieties from 1989 to 2008 in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed, the parent selecting and mating experience and new genotype developing principle were explored through tracing back to the parent characteristics, elite parents and cross type. The results showed that single cross breeding was a dominating method in japonica rice variety breeding in Heilongjiang and there was an original core gene pool at every stage of rice breeding. The core gene pool was obviously enriched from 1999 to 2008, and the original gene pool accounted for 62.65% of gene pool at the same period. As for the parent selection, the self-breeding materials were given the first place supplementing with Japanese varieties and other introduced materials. It was an effective way to breed new varieties to make cross between local varieties and introduced materials.