灾后住宅重建设计探讨——以阿坝州震后住宅建设为例

Research on the post-disaster housing reconstruction design-Take the residence reconstruction of Aba after the earthquake for example

汶川地震使数十个镇受灾,破坏了当地居民赖以生存的家园,几十万人无家可归,灾后住宅的重建迫在眉睫。本文通过对汶川地区地理、自然情况与受灾状况的分析,结合四川乡土民居建筑的地域风格特点,提出灾后重建面临的问题及针对汶川当地特殊情况灾后住宅重建的建议。同时,对古今中外灾后住宅重建抗震技术的学习,如:充气稳定结构、纸管过渡房、隔震抗震技术及中国古建营造中的抗震技术等。结合汶川地域特点,将传统民居建造与现代抗震技术结合,提出适合汶川地震灾后住宅重建的可行方案。其中,临时住宅设计以大规模快速工业化建造,及二次利用集装箱保护人民生命安全为设计出发点;永久住宅以维护建筑整体抗震性及居民对建筑的可持续改造利用为设计出发点。

The Wenchuan earthquake had destroyed dozens of towns in Sichuan province and left millions of people homeless. The housing reconstruction reached the critical level immediately after the disaster. This article analyses the local geographical features, nature conditions and the damage situation of Wenchuan, combined with the native residence with significant regional characteristics of Sichuan, gives some advices to the housing reconstruction of Wenchuan with consideration to the particular condition of this area. Meantime, the article also gives some examples of the traditional and abroad seismic techniques such as inflatable structure and paper tube. The schemes of the residential design are based on the local tradition and modern technology, in order to provide practical plans adapt to the specific traits of this area. In which, the temporary housing design stresses on largescale industrialization with reuse of containers; the conception of the permanent residence design is the overall seismic control and the sustainable development of the building.