野生鲫鱼抗氧化水平作为水环境污染生物标志的研究

Study on Antioxidant Level in Wild Crucian as Biomarkers of Aquatic Environment Contamination

[目的]探讨用野生鲫鱼抗氧化水平作为生物标志来反映钱塘江水系有机物污染状况的可能性。[方法]以钱塘江水系中的闻堰、兰江将军岩和衢江樟潭为调查点,另选淳安街口作为本调查的对照点;对各个采样点表层水的化学需氧量(COD)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)和苯系物的含量及野生鲫鱼肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定。[结果]樟潭(COD为87.8mg/L,BOD5为2.12mg/L)和闻堰(COD为87.8mg/L,BOD5为2.48mg/L)两调查点的COD和BOD5明显高于对照点(COD<10.0mg/L,BOD5为0.40mg/L),而将军岩点与对照点相比没有明显差异;苯系物均未超过GB3838—2002标准限值,但樟潭点苯、甲苯、氯苯、苯酚、硝基苯胺检测值明显高于对照点,其他指标浓度较低且4个点差别也不大。钱塘江各采样点野生鲫鱼肝重、鳃重、肝体比、鳃体比和GSH-Px活性[街口、将军岩、闻堰、樟潭分别为(0.13±0.07)、(0.73±0.25)、(2.47±1.09)、(1.81±0.80)U/mg蛋白]明显升高,或存在升高趋势;而SOD活性和MDA含量没有差异。[结论]钱塘江水环境中有机污染物对鱼体存在影响,野生鲫鱼GSH-Px活性能较好地反映水体中有机物的污染状况。

[ Objective ] To study aquatic contamination of organics in Qiantang River through the change of antioxidant level in wild crucian as biomarkers. [ Methods ] Chemical oxygen demand（ COD ）, biochemical oxygen demand in 5d（ BOD5 ）and benzene series content in surface water, as well as superoxide dismutase （ SOD ）activity, glutathione peroxidase （ GSH-Px ）activity, and malondialdehyde （ MDA ） content in hver of wild crucian, all collected from Wenyan, Jiangjunyan and Zhangtan in Qiantang River valley were detected, and simutanously compared with those collected from Jiekou of Chunan as control. [ Results ] COD and BOD5 in surface water from Wenyan （ COD=87.8 mg/L, BOD5=2.48 mg/L ） and Zhangtan （ COD=87.8 mg/L, BOD5=2.12 mg/L ） were significantly higher than those from Jiekou （ COD〈10.0 mg/L, BOD5=0.40 mg/L ）, while those from Jiangjunyan were not significantly different from Jiekou. Benzene series content was not exceeded the standard limit of GB 3838-2002, but contents of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, phenol, nitroaniline from Zhangtan were obviously higher than those from control, while no difference was observed to other benzene series in 4 monitoring sites because their content was very low. Liver weight, gill weight, theirs ratios to body weight and GSH-Px activity [ （ 0. 13 ± 0.07 ） U/mg protein in Jiekou, （ 0.73 ± 0.25 ） U/mg protein in Jiangjunyan, （ 2.47 ± 1.09 ） U/mg protein in Wenyan, （ 1.81 ± 0.80 ） U/mg protein in Zhangtan ] in liver of wild crucian from 3 researched sites were almost higher than control, but no variations of SOD and MDA in liver were observed. [ Conclusion ] The aquatic contamination of organics in Qiantang River showed some effects on fish, and GSH-Px activity in liver of wild crucian might reflect aquatic contamination of organics in this river.