开展基本职业卫生服务后上海市青浦区职业卫生现况

An Analysis of Occupational Health Status after Performing Basic Occupational Health Service in Qingpu District,Shanghai

[目的]了解开展基本职业卫生服务试点工作后上海市青浦区工业企业职业卫生工作的状况,探索适合该区实际情况的基本职业卫生服务模式。[方法]在各类与职业卫生有关的统计报表及摸底调查的基础上,对试行基本职业卫生服务前后的数据进行对比分析。[结果]自2007年开展试点工作后,青浦区职业卫生建档率为91.90%、职业病危害项目申报率为90.86%、监督覆盖率为52.99%、企业职业健康检查覆盖率为69.25%、企业员工职业健康受检率为94.11%、职业病危害因素监测率为34.83%,均较试点前有大幅度的提高。职业病危害因素预评价得到充分的实施,控制效果评价率逐年提高;职业卫生知识知晓率也有大幅度提升。针对每家企业的实际情况制作并发放了职业卫生服务指导手册,发放率为100%。[结论]提供基本职业卫生服务,加强对企业职业卫生工作的指导和监督管理,对员工和管理层开展职业卫生培训,使得企业的职业卫生状况得到改善。今后应该继续推动基本职业卫生服务的试点工作,逐步转向常态化的管理,做好职业病防治工作,达到保护劳动者健康的目的。

[ Objective ] To understand the status of occupational health （ OH ） after performing Basic Occupational Health Service （ BOHS ） in Qingpu, Shanghai further to explore the practical BOHS system. [ Methods ] Based on the data from field investigation and local annual occupational health statistic reports, compared the OH status of post-BOHS and pre- BOHS. [ Results ] After performing BOHS since 2007, 91.90% of the local enterprises established occupational health records, 90.86% sent their report of occupational hazards in factory to local Health Authority, and 52.99% received official heath inspection. Meanwhile, 69.25% enterprises provided occupational health examination to their employees with a cover rate of 94.11% of total employees, the rate of environmental hazard monitoring in workplace was 34.83%. The OH status was obviously improved than that prior to performing BOHS. What＇s more, almost all the enterprises performed pre-assessment for occupational hazards in construction project, and the number of enterprises performed the effective-assessment for occupational hazard control in construction project increased year by year, and the OH awareness apparently improved both in employees and management. According to the investigation, occupational hazards in 1717 enterprises were analyzed and OH Guidance Manual based on their own conditions were prepared and allocated to each enterprise. [ Conclusion ] Performing on BOHS for enterprises, giving professional advice in OH, intensifying official inspection, supplying OH training to both employees and management can improve OH status in enterprises. It is necessary to push the trial of BOHS in our district forward to a regular systenaatically management on OH in order to protect employees from occupational hazards.