癌症病人亲属的社会支持状况及相关因素研究

Study on the status quo of social support of the relatives of cancer patients and its related factors

[目的]了解癌症病人亲属的社会支持状况及相关因素。[方法]采用社会支持评定量表、一般情况调查表及病人疾病信息调查表对106例癌症病人的主要照顾亲属进行问卷调查。[结果]癌症病人亲属的社会支持得分为18分～60分(40.54分±8.21分),高于常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);影响亲属社会支持状况的单因素分析结果显示:>55岁年龄组的亲属主观支持分及支持利用度得分均显著降低;受教育年限>12年的亲属支持利用度得分高于受教育年限短者;干部、职员、知识分子的客观支持分显著高于工人;工人的客观支持和支持利用度得分均较低;医疗费用完全自付的亲属所得的客观支持分显著低于有医疗保险者;亲属的客观支持分在病人的疾病晚期高于早期。[结论]癌症病人亲属总体社会支持状况较好,但不同人群的社会支持水平存在差别,医务人员应积极利用各种途径加强对社会支持水平和利用度低的弱势群体的社会支持。

Objective： To investigate the status quo of social support of the relatives of cancer patients and its related factors. Methods： A total of 106 family members as major caregivers of cancer patients were investigated by filling out social support rating scale, general questionnaire and patients＇ ill-ness information questionnaire. Results： The score of social support of the relatives of cancer patients was 18-60 （40.54±8.21）. It was higher than the norm. There was significant statistical difference between them （P〈0.01）. The single - factor analysis results of influencing the status of social support showed that the score of subjective support and supportive availability scoring of relatives of aged over 55 years old were significantly lower. Relatives received education more than 12 years had higher availability of support than those received shorter time of education. Officials, company staffs, and intellectuals had significant higher objective support scores than factory workers. Workers had lower objective support score and supportive availability scoring. Relatives who had to pay for the whole medical cost got significant lower objective support than those had medical insurance. The objective support of relatives was higher in the later phase of cancer patients than those in the earlier phase. Conclusion： The relatives of cancer patients have higher level of social support in general. However, there were differences in social support level among different relatives groups. Health care personnel should actively utilize various ways to improve the level of social support of relatives as weak group with lower social support level and lower social supportive availability.