不同方法提取-GC/MS法分析淡竹叶中的挥发油化学成分

GC-MS analysis of chemical constituents of the essential oil from Lophatherum gracile Brongn. by different extraction methods

目的:采用3种方法提取淡竹叶中的挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术全面分析其挥发油中的化学成分。方法:采用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE-CO2)、水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)及固相微萃取法(SPME)从淡竹叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联机分析对化学成分进行分离鉴定,采用峰面积归一化法测定百分含量。色谱条件:HP-5弹性石英毛细管色谱柱(30m×0.25mm,0.25μm);升温程序:初始温度45℃,保持2min,然后以10℃·min-1的速度升至250℃并保持30min;分流进样,分流比110∶1;进样口温度280℃。结果:采用SFE-CO2法共鉴定出32个成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总成分的73.52%;采用SD法提取共鉴定出56个成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总成分的86.84%;采用SPME法共鉴定出35个成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油总成分的92.28%。结论:SPME法与SD法提取的挥发油成分基本相近,但SFE-CO2法提取的挥发油成分与前两法有一定差异。该实验结果为了解淡竹叶中的挥发性成分及进一步开发应用提供了依据。

Objective：The constituents of essential oils were extracted from Lophatherum gracile Brongn. and analyzed by GC/MS technology. Methods：The essential oils were extracted from L. gracile Brongn. by supercritical CO2 extraction, steam distillation and solid - phase microextraction methods. The constituents separated were identifled by GC/MS analysis, the content of the constituents from the essential oil were determined by area normalization method. Chromatographic condition were：Capillary column HP -5 （30 m × 0. 25 mm ,0. 25μm） ;Program temperature ：initial column temperature 45 ℃, maintained 2 min, and increased to 250 ℃ at the rate of 10 ℃ · min^-1 ,held 30 min. Split injection, split ratio 110：1 ;Injector temperature 280 ℃. Results：There were 32 constituents separated and identified by SFE - CO2 ,which accounted for over 73.52% of total essential oil fraction. There were 56 constituents separated and identified by SD, which accounted for over 86. 84% of total essential oil fraction. There were 35 constituents separated and identified by SPME ,which accounted for over 92.28% of total essential oil fraction. Conclusion：The constituents of essential oils extracted by SPME similar to SD. The constituents of essential oils extracted by SFE - CO2 were different from the other two methods. The experimental results provided evidence for understanding the constituents of essential oils and explitation of L. gracile Brongn..