90年代以来印度的潘查亚特制度建设与政治改革

Panchayat Raj and Political Reform in India since 1990s

1992年,印度通过了第73次宪法修正案,表明印度政府高层和知识精英认识到建立地方自治政府组织的重要性和紧迫性,将建立和完善潘查亚特制度作为印度政治改革的重大课题。该法案的通过既受到90年代初苏东剧变的影响,也出于印度坚持的民主政治理念,同时还是推动印度经济发展的需要。但由于资金不足,大多数邦政府在潘查亚特组织建设中态度消极,加之广大民众缺乏热情与人员培训不够等原因,该过程进行得十分缓慢和艰难。

With the adoption of the 73rd constitutional amendments in 1992, the scholars and politicians of India realized the importance and necessity of transformation of Panchayat Raj to local governments. The adoption of the 73rd constitutional amendments were influenced by the international political changes such as the collapse of Soviet Union. One might thought that such an Act would promote India＇s economic development on the basis of democracy that has been insisted by India since its independence in 1947. However, the process has been carried on slowly and difficultly so far for the reasons of financial deficiency, passive attitude of the state bureaucracy, the deep doubts of mass, and shortage of trained persons.