地铁车站出口布局对人群疏散性能的影响

Influence of Exit Layout of a Metro Station on Pedestrian Evacuation

以现有的社会力模型为基础进行地铁车站人员疏散的仿真分析。社会力模型以牛顿动力学为基础,由不同力的表达式体现行人不同的动机和影响,比如人与人、人与环境的社会心理和物理作用。该模型模拟结果可靠,比较接近真实情况,但缺点是计算量太大、运算效率低。本文据此对社会力模型进行优化,比如障碍物作用力的静态网格处理以及应用局部性原理,使得该模型能更为真实的体现人群的运动,同时也可提高运算效率。以南京新街口地铁车站为仿真对象,针对车站出口布局对人员安全疏散性能的影响进行计算机仿真并加以分析,其结果可为地铁车站的出口布局提供设计依据。

The social force model is applied in evacuation simulation analysis of a metro station. It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians could be described as if they would be subject to ＂social forces＂. These ＂forces＂ are a measure of the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions （movements）. The model is reliable, but its drawback is that the algorithm is extremely complex. In order to overcome the above draw- back, the algorithm has been optimized with,the help of the static force grid and locality principle so that the simulation becomes more veritably and the computation speed is accelerated greatly. The improved model is applied to the simulation and analysis of the Nanjing Xin-jie-kou Metro Station, and the results can provide some basis for the exit design of a metro station.