另一种形式的婚姻?——伴侣关系在西方国家的法律化进程评介

Another Form of Marriage?——A Review of Legislation Process on Civil Partnership in Western Countries

发端于北欧国家的伴侣关系立法在世界范围内形成了冲击。不同国家在是否承认和保护同性伴侣的婚姻权、是否承认和保护非婚同居者以及如何承认和保护等问题上都发生过激烈的争论。到目前为止,西方国家在伴侣关系立法上已形成了丹麦模式、法国模式和荷兰模式。不同模式下的立法在适用范围、伴侣关系缔结的条件和程序以及法律效力等方面都各有特点。在法律上,登记的伴侣关系已与传统的婚姻关系并列成为西方国家的成年公民可以选择并受到法律保护的婚姻家庭生活关系形式。

Legislation on civil partnership originated from North Europe has exerted impact on the whole world. Fierce debates have occurred on the issues in different countries such as whether or not to recognize and protect the marital rights of the same - sex couples, whether or not to recognize and protect nnmarried cohabitation, and how to recognize and protect them. Up to now, the modes of legislation on civil partnership in westem countries, including Denmark mode, France mode and the Netherlands mode, have taken shape. Different modes of legislation have different characteristics in applicable scope, conditions and procedures for establishment of civil partnership as well as legal effect. In legal aspect, the registered civil partnership and traditional marriage have become, in parallel, forms of marital and family relations available for adults and protected by law in western countries.