不同地区吸毒者HIV感染与危险行为调查

Investigation of risk factors and HIV infection among drug users in different regions

目的了解中国不同地区吸毒者艾滋病传播的危险因素,为深入有效地开展干预和预防措施提供建议。方法采取简单抽样或滚雪球法,在新疆喀什、四川凉山、广西南宁共抽取995名吸毒者进行问卷调查,收集调查对象的人口学及行为学特征;采血,用两次酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体。结果喀什、凉山和南宁吸毒者的HIV感染率分别为10.8%,29.4%和21.0%。Logistic回归结果显示,凉山吸毒者的主要危险因素为注射毒品(OR1.94;95%CI1.21-3.11;P<0.01);喀什吸毒者的主要危险因素为同居(OR2.97;95%CI1.17-7.53;P<0.05),注射毒品(OR6.25;95%CI2.46-15.87;P<0.001),商业性行为(OR5.08;95%CI1.06-24.46;P<0.05)。结论中国注射吸毒行为主导的艾滋病疫情高发地区,存在多个主要危险因素,采取预防干预措施应具有针对性。目前中国已采取了相应的预防干预措施。

Objective The study aims to understand HIV transmission among drug users in different regions of China, and to provide strategic proposals for HIV prevention and intervention. Methods Convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods were used to collect samples; 995 drug users were interviewed and tested for HIV virus in Kashi of Xinjiang, Liangshan of Sichuan, and Nanning of Guangxi. Data on demographic and behavioral charac- teristics were collected through questionnaire, and EL/SA assays were used for two times to test HIV antibody. Re- sults HIV prevalence rates in Kashi of Xinjiang, Liangshan of Sichuan and Nanning of Guangxi were 10.8%, 29.4%, and 21.0% respectively. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk factor among drug users in Liangshan was injecting drugs （OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.21--3.11, P〈0.01）, the risk factors among drug users in Kashi were cohabitation （OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.17--7.53, P〈0.05）, injecting drugs （OR 6.25, 95% CI 2.46-- 15.87, P〈0. 001）, and commercial sex （OR 5.08, 95% CI 1.06--24.46, P〈O. 05）. Conclusion Targeted pre- vention and intervention strategy should be implemented among drug users in high HIV prevalence regions, and relevant preventive interventions have already been adopted in China.