北京市西城区婚前医学检查影响因素及对策研究

Study on the Influencing Factors and Strategy of Premarital Medical Examination in Xicheng District of Beijing

目的:初步调查北京市西城区婚前医学体检人数现状与影响因素以及婚育人群的需求。方法:采用调查问卷形式,对2008年5～6月在西城区民政局进行结婚登记的848人进行婚前医学体检和孕前体检认知态度及服务需求调查。结果:婚检率仅为34.4%。影响主要原因是认为婚检项目无特色(男43.6%,女40%)另一主要原因是"没时间"(男31.5%,女40.6%)。婚前体检与否,与男性的年龄、文化程度无明显关系,但与其职业关系有关(χ2=17.40,P<0.01)。女性年龄(χ2=27.97,P<0.01)和职业(χ2=15.55,P<0.01)对婚检有显著影响,而其文化程度无明显影响(χ2=4.67,P=0.32)。在婚前体检者中,婚前体检满意度与其年龄、文化程度和职业均无关。婚前体检者和未体检者对"婚前体检"所持态度无差异(χ2=0.65,P=0.41),但对"孕前体检"态度,两者之差异具有统计学意义(χ2=22.33,P<0.01)。结论:应充分利用西城区政府人口计生领导小组建立的《社区健康生育全程服务》工程平台,建立和完善基层生殖保健工作的宣传教育体系和医疗服务体系,在全区范围内进行婚检知识普及,开展孕前咨询服务,采用综合措施,全面提高出生人口素质。

Objective ： To investigate the status and influencing factors of premarital medical examination in Xicheng district of Beijing, as well as the demands of reproductive aged population. Methods ： The attitudes and demands of premarital medical examination and progestation examination of 848 people who registered marriage at Xicheng civil affairs bureau from May 2008 to June 2008 were investigated using questionnaires. Results ： The rate of premarital medical examination was only 34. 4%. The main influencing factors of premarital medical examination were ＂ no characteristics of premarital examination＂ （ male： 43.6% , female： 40% ） and ＂no time＂ （male： 31.5% , female： 40.6% ）. There were no significant relationships between premarital examination and age as well as education degree of males, while obviously significant relationships were presented between premarital examination and male occupation （χ^2=17.40, P 〈 0.01 ）. Female age （χ^2=27.97, P 〈 0.01 ） and occupation （χ^2= 15.55, P 〈0.01 ） had significant influences on premarital examination, while education degree had no significant influences （χ^2 = 4. 67, P = 0.32）. There were no obvious relationships between the satisfaction of premarital examination and age, education degree as well as occupation. No significant differences were presented at the attitudes of premarital examination between examination takers and non - takers （χ^2= 0. 65 ,P = 0.41 ）, while obviously statistical differences were showed at the attitudes of progestation examination （χ^2=22. 33, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion ： More measures should be taken to make full use of the platform of ＂Community Healthy Reproduction Whole Range Service＂ project established by population and family planning leading group of Xicheng government, in order to establish and perfect the propaganda and medical service system for grass-roots reproductive health care works. Comprehensive measures, such as the popularization of premarital examination knowledge in the whole district and the development of progestation counseling service, should be taken to improve the quality of birth population.