我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中农药最大残留限量标准的对比分析研究

Study on Comparison and analysis on standards of pesticide maximum residue limits in food between international codex alimentarius commission and China national standards

目的:对比分析我国与国际食品法典委员会(CAC)食品中农药最大残留限量标准的异同。方法:从标准涉及的农药种类、残留具体食品种类、残留限量值三个层面逐级对比。结果:我国标准涉及的农药种类为153种,CAC标准为144种,二者相同的农药种类91种;我国标准与CAC标准在残留具体食品的数量上相差巨大,我国仅为88种,CAC则达到232种;我国农药残留限量指标的总数为576个,远远少于CAC的2825个;在可比指标范围内,我国有142个残留限量指标值与CAC相同,72个残留限量指标值严于CAC,仅52个残留限量指标值宽于CAC。结论:我国农药残留限量标准中有80%的可比指标值已达到或超过CAC标准的要求,而CAC农药残留限量标准涉及的食品种类详细且具体,是造成我国标准与CAC标准在具体食品数量和限量指标数量上出现巨大差异的主要原因。

[Objective] comparing and analyzing pesticide maximum residue limits index in Food between international codex alimentarius commission（CAC） standards and China national standards. [ Methods ] Gradually comparison from pesticide species, residual food category and maximum residue limits index values.[ Result] 153 pesticide species, 88 residual food categories and 576 residue limit indexes are referred by China national standards, and 144 pesticide species, 232 residual food categories and 2825 residue limit indexes by CAC standard.Contrasting with each other,91 pesticide species is the same.Within comparable limit indexes, 142 limits index values of China national standards is equal with CAC,72 limits index values is stricter than CAC and only 52 limits index values is higher than CAC.[Conclusion] 80 percent of comparable residue limits index values in China national standards attain or exceed the requirement of CAC standards.Detailed and large numbers of food referred by CAC standards is the main reason for big difference at the amount of residual food category and limits index between CAC and China.