句尾“来”体貌用法的演变

Changes of the Aspectual Usage of the Sentence-final Lai

本文研究近代汉语句尾"来"表示过去发生与过去经历两种用法的演变。通过分析唐代以前汉译佛经材料中句尾助词"来"的早期用例的用法特点,提出"来"的过去经历义源于其过去发生义,感官动词在这一演变过程中起着重要的桥梁作用。通过分析《祖堂集》、《古尊宿语要》以及《西游记》中的句尾"来",探讨了"来"的体貌用法的进一步发展。句尾"来"的演变无论是从体貌范畴还是传信范畴的语法化来看,都有重要的类型学意义。

This paper explores the historical development of the sentence-final particle lai in Early Modem Chinese that represents the usages of ＂past occurrence＂ and ＂past experience＂. Based on the study on the earlier usages of sentence-final lai in Buddhist scriptures translated into Chinese before the Tang dynasty, this paper suggests that the meaning of ＂past experience＂ originated from ＂past occurrence＂, and the perceptive verbs played a critical role of bridging the gap between both meanings. The usage of sentence-final lai in the classical texts Zutangji, Guzunsu Yuyao and Journey to the West further reveals its development as an aspect marker. Also, the grammaticalization of sentence-final/ai is typologically significant both as an aspectual and evidential category.