水利血防工程血吸虫病防治效果分析

Effect of hydraulic schistosomiasis control projects on disease prevention

目的观察水利血防工程对血吸虫病流行扩散的影响,为评价水利血防工程提供科学依据。方法对湖北省阳新县富水流域下游干流防洪灭螺治理一期工程、湖南省株洲市白石港流域水利血防工程、江西省玉山县七一灌区水利血防工程、云南省大理州洱源县节水灌溉水利血防工程等4个国家重点水利血防工程所在区域进行血吸虫病监测,收集2003～2007年以来的螺情、疫情,分析比较工程建设前后螺情、疫情消长情况。结果工程建设后,4个工程所在区域钉螺面积分别下降83.69%、21.62%、66.20%、28.36%,活螺框出现率分别下降98.41%、86.07%、61.63%、78.96%,活螺密度分别下降99.55%、89.70%、55.10%、76.19%,钉螺感染率分别下降75.44%、100%、60.00%、100%。人群感染率分别下降77.56%、71.94%、88.60%、24.46%,家畜(牛)的感染率也相应下降。结论水利血防工程对控制血吸虫病有积极作用。工程竣工后须加强工程的维护和管理,确保工程良性运行。

The schistosomiasis surveillance in four national key hydraulic schistosomiasis control project areas was performed, the areas included Stage-I flood control and snail control project of lower mainstream of Fushui River Basin （ Yangxin, Hubei Province）, Baishigang River Basin （Zhuzhou, Hunan Province）, water saving irrigation project in Eryuan County （Dali, Yunnan Province） and Qiyi Irrigation District （Yushan, Jiangxi Province）, and the changes of snails and the endemic situation before and after the implementation of the projects were investigated and the data were analyzed and compared from 2003 to 2007. After the completion of the project, in these project areas, the areas with Oncomelania snails reduced by 83.69% , 21.62%, 66.20% and 28.36%, respectively, the rates of live snail frames dropped by 98.41%, 86.07%, 61.63% and 78.96%, respectively, the densities of living snails decreased by 99.55% , 89.70%, 55.10% and 76.19% , respectively, and the rates of snail infection decreased by 75.44%, 100%, 60% and 100% respectively. The rates of human infection decreased by 77.56%, 71.94%, 88. 6% and 24.46%, respectively, and the domestic animals （cattle） also had a corresponding decline in the infection rate. The hydraulic schistosomiasis control projects play a positive role in controlling the impact of the prevalence and spread of schistosomiasis .