会宁地区437名婴幼儿喂养方式调查

Survey of feeding patterns in 437 infants from Huining County of Gansu Province

目的该研究通过调查经济不发达的会宁地区婴幼儿早期喂养方式,明确相关影响因素,以便为有针对性干预提供基础资料。方法参考地域、经济因素,采用分层整群抽样法以会宁地区7个乡镇的437名婴幼儿为调查对象,通过抚养人利用统一调查表记录儿童出生24个月内母乳喂养及辅食添加情况,同时用膳食频率法收集调查对象上一年的营养素补充剂的摄入情况。结果调查对象出生6个月内基本纯母乳喂养率、混合喂养率、人工喂养率分别为45.3%,40.5%和14.2%。最为突出的问题是辅食添加不合理,主要表现为添加不及时。配方奶粉添加最早,平均添加时间为6.4个月,畜禽肉类添加最迟,平均添加时间为17.2个月。谷类、蔬菜水果类和蛋类添加较多,而鱼虾等水产品添加较少。营养素补充剂应用尚不普遍,在选用营养素补充剂时,城镇抚养人主要是根据医生的建议,农村抚养人主要根据家人的经验,且受电视、广告等媒体的影响较大。结论会宁地区婴幼儿早期喂养方式存在较多不合理之处。应通过营养教育,提高婴幼儿抚养人的营养知识水平,以改善不合理的喂养方式。

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the feeding patterns of infants in Huining County, Gansu Province, an economically undeveloped county in China, so as to provide scientific evidence for nutritional intervention. METHODS： By cluster sampling based on the area distribution and the economic state, 437 children from 7 different areas in Huining County, Gansu Province were enrolled. A questionnaire on the feeding patterns within 24 months of age was completed by the caregivers. The addition of nutrient supplements （calcium, zinc, ferri, vitamin AD, etc.） during the last year was investigated using the food frequency questionnaires. RESULTS： The average percentages of breast feeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding were 45.3%, 40.5% and 14.2% respectively. Delayed introduction of complementary food was the most common. Formula powder was added earliest, at age of 6.4 months. The meats were added latest, at age of 17.2 months. Only 66.8% of infants received an addition of complementary food at age of 4-6 months. Grains, vegetables, fruits and eggs were common complementary additional diets, but fishes and shrimps were seldom provided. The proportion of nutrient supplement use was low. The choice of nutrient supplements in urban districts mainly depended on the physicians＇ suggestions, but in rural area it depended on the caregivers＇ experience and media advertisements. CONCLUSIONS： The feeding patterns for the infants are not reasonable in Huining County, Gansu Province. It is important to provide nutritional education and reasonable feeding program for caregivers from economically undeveloped areas.