基于生态足迹的生态盈亏平衡分析——以辽宁省长海县为例

Analysis on the Ecological Balance of Profits and Losses Based on Ecological Footprint

生态足迹方法是一种度量可持续发展程度的指标,通过估算维持人类的自然资源消费和同化人类产生的废弃物所需要的生物生产性面积即生态足迹的大小,并与给定区域的生态承载力进行生态盈亏平衡分析,来衡量研究区域的可持续发展状况。生态足迹方法从人类需求占用角度为评估区域可持续发展状态提供了较好的测量方法。当一个地区的生态承载力小于生态足迹时,出现生态赤字,生态赤字表明该地区生态安全受到胁迫;当生态承载力大于生态足迹时,则产生生态盈余,此时认为该地区生态系统是安全的,人类的发展处于可持续状态。可见生态盈亏平衡分析可以为地区可持续发展提供生态预警作用。

The ecological footprint method is an index of measuring the degree of sustainable development. It measures the sustainable development situation of the research areas through estimating the size of biological production area or the ecological footprint needed to maintain the natural resource consumption of human beings and assimilate the wastes produced by people and offeting an analysis of ecological balance of profits and losses in comparison with the ecological carrying capacity of the designated area. The ecological footprint method has offered a comparatively good method of measurement to evaluate the regional sustainable development situation from the perspective of human demand and occupation. When the ecological carrying capacity of one area is smaller than the ecological footprint, there will appear ecological deficit and the ecological deficit just indicates that the ecological safety of this area is in danger; when the ecological carrying capacity is larger than the ecological footprint, there will be ecological surplus. At this moment, the ecological system of this area is safe and the human development is in the state of sustainable development. Thus it is evident that the analysis of the ecological balance of profits and losses can function as the ecological early - warning for the regional sustainable development.